yes, it was a sincere question. Having noted some posters in here with some actual education to share.
Franklin hit all the major points.
I recognize the term Mercantilism as something I think the English practiced in the general span from the British Far East Trading Company days on to the twentieth century or so. Wasn 't that the force behind pax brittainica? And wasn't it pretty much the same thing behind the American-dominated era since then?
Mercantilism is usually strongly associated with trade protectionism. Germany's policies create massive import/export imbalances, particularly inside what is supposed to be an integrated economic region. Those policies are also the reason that Germany is presently the world's largest exporter in terms of dollar value.
On point 4, I checked my Primer on Govt Spending by Heilbroner and found him arguing that national debt is ok cuz we owe it to ourselves. Problem is, I don't owe it to me, I owe it to Rockefeller and a few others
You're conflating your personal portion of the debt with the mechanisms by which governments pay back their debts again.
I know Lyndon LaRouche takes a dim view of Friedman. Is he one of those "Austrian" types? He talks about govt credit being issued in large quantities for public works projects which he argues will increase our productivity. . . .
Lyndon isn't exactly mainstream. Friedman is not an austrian economist, and in fact wrote some critical pieces about Austrian economics.. Austrians were largely out of the mainstream for much of the 20th Century as the field became more premised on testability and data collection, concepts a lot of Austrians explicitly reject in favor of thought experiments. They've enjoyed something of a revival recently due to the cult popularity of guys like Ron Paul. A significant chunk of the current rush among the conservative crowd to declare that the answer to a recession is to cut government spending is influenced by Austrian theories of economics, which is why I say that the current controversy lies there.
For a Keynesian perspective on the problems with Austrian economics view of the business cycle and methods for dealing with recessions written in a relatively easy style to comprehend you can look here: https://www.slate.com/id/9593
For a "fun" (in the sense that the story itself is amusing in its subject matter) you can look to a relatively famous article about a recession in a very small economy, a baby-sitting coop: https://cda.morris.umn.edu/~kildegac/Courses/M&B/Sweeney & Sweeney.pdf