B12 and iron are the only thing vegans struggle with. It's not that difficult. Most vegans are more healthy. I don't necessarily think the answer is vegetarianism or veganism personally. Our bodies haven't evolved to eat what we are eating period, they also haven't evolved for how long we are living. Most people are not properly eating unless they understand nutrition and are paying attention to their diet. So I'm not sure what the difference would be. Vegans generally understand nutrition better then the average person and eat more healthy. Lots of our food needs to be fortified.
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I never said they're the answer. I said one is a more reasonable approach than the other. If you're worried about whatever you're worried about, I think arguing for vegetarianism would work better than arguing for veganism. More people care about an animal not getting killed than one not getting milked. People don't want to have to worry about supplementing this or that, on top of going out of their way to make sure none of their food has ever been sniffed by an animal.
I don't see why our food needs to be fortified. A balanced meal containing meat, vegetables, and grains is enough to give you everything you need. And that's what we pretty much evolved to eat.
And I don't agree with your statement about our lifespan (nor do I understand its relevance). The maximum lifespan has not increased. The mortality rate has improved substantially due to modern medicine and living conditions. But we still live as long as we "evolved" to live.