Our founders expected tariff proceeds to fund the federal government. It looked good, since prior to the Rev the Brits were charging and keeping the tariffs. Now, our economy was going to get the boost from keeping this money right here, and spent here.
The plan did prove out, I think until about the Civil War at least but maybe all the way up to the Income Tax and the Federal Reserve. Probably we should go back and try it again.
The modern term for protectionism is Value Added Tax. I suppose if they changed the terminology to Spend It Local Tax you **** kickers would leach onto it

The rest of the world understands the value of keep it at home; we are against anything called tax. Not that you're a conservative or anything, but conservatives need to start looking at these issues in a conservative light again like Reagan did, and stop demonizing anything government as bad bad tisk tisk. USE government for what you want.
When benefit outweighs the $3.09 trillion drain over ten years, we could look at that. I'm not convinced in the slightest that in the grand scale of a country, the benefits outweigh what we could have been spending on teachers, police, firefighters, etc.
You're talking $3.09 trillion (most likely a highly debatable number that's at least halved at the start, but I'm not the type to tirade for pages about links and sources and the like) with shock factor value. First off, it's over TEN YEARS, which means $300 billion per year. That's essentially nothing in an economy with $55 trillion worth of wealth, and that's going off the post-depression high to give you the maximum benefit of the doubt. It is five thousandths of our wealth. That's pretty damn meaningless.
Why aren't you focusing on tax cheating by the common man? Why is it only the rich? If we all paid just $100 more per year we could pay for just about everyone who wants to to go to college. Things are cheap when you have a lot of ants working for you. Instead, we're all convinced the middle class is overtaxed to death, the rich are getting richer, and satan is about to break his chains.
Taxes on teh "middle class" are so disgustingly low for what we expect in return. The benefits we could get from raising rates just slightly on the common man are insane. George W. Bush ****ed us on the revenue side of the equation.